Longevity Claim Verification: the method
The six checks, the three outcomes, and why we never say debunked. Start here.
Reading the evidence
How to read a study abstract without being misled
Six things to look for, in order, and the phrases doing quiet work.
Observational studies and randomised trials
What each design can prove, and the healthy user effect that keeps overturning findings.
What mouse, worm and cell studies actually establish
Real science, not a claim about people, and the dose problem nobody mentions.
Why one study is a starting point
Publication bias, chance, and why first results reliably run large.
Reading the numbers
Relative risk and absolute risk
The same result as a 50 percent reduction or a one-in-a-thousand improvement.
When a real finding is too small to matter
Significant and important are different questions, and coverage answers only the first.
Markers, and outcomes that actually matter
Including why biological age tests deserve their own caution.
Reading the fit
Who was studied, and whether you are them
Baseline status, age, sex and existing disease. The check most often skipped.
Why the dose in the study is rarely the dose in the bottle
The two-minute check that finds the gap in most supplement claims.
Who paid for it, and how much that matters
How funding shifts results without fraud, and our own conflict, stated.
The limits
What unknown means, and why it is not a soft no
Unsupported and unknown are different verdicts, and this field produces many honest unknowns.